Tips on ASF Signs, Detection and BioSecurity - UBTAC

Title: Essential Tips for Detecting ASF and Enhancing Biosecurity on Your Farm

African Swine Fever (ASF) is a highly contagious and deadly viral disease affecting pigs and wild boars, with devastating economic and social impacts on pig farming communities worldwide. Detecting ASF early and implementing stringent biosecurity measures are crucial steps in preventing its spread. Here, we provide essential tips on recognizing ASF signs, detection methods, and enhancing biosecurity on your farm.

Understanding African Swine Fever (ASF)

ASF is caused by a DNA virus that affects pigs but does not pose a risk to human health. The disease spreads through direct contact with infected animals, contaminated feed, equipment, and clothing. It can also be transmitted by ticks and wild boars. There is no vaccine or cure for ASF, making prevention and early detection vital.

Recognizing ASF Signs

Early detection of ASF is critical for controlling outbreaks. Familiarize yourself with the following clinical signs of ASF:

Acute Form:
- High Fever: Pigs exhibit a sudden rise in body temperature (40.5°C to 42°C).
- Reddening of the Skin: Especially noticeable on ears, snout, legs, and belly.
- Hemorrhages: Visible small, dark purple patches on the skin.
- Loss of Appetite and Weakness: Pigs may become lethargic and stop eating.
- Diarrhea and Vomiting: Often bloody, indicating internal bleeding.
- Respiratory Issues: Difficulty breathing, coughing, and nasal discharge.
- Abortions in Pregnant Sows: Sudden loss of pregnancy.
Subacute and Chronic Forms:
- Weight Loss and Poor Growth: Pigs may show stunted growth and gradual weight loss.
- Joint Swelling and Lameness: Difficulty in walking due to joint pain and swelling.
- Skin Lesions: Persistent sores and ulcers on the skin.

Detection Methods

Accurate detection of ASF requires laboratory confirmation. Here are the key steps in the detection process:

Sample Collection:
- Blood Samples: Collect blood from suspected pigs for laboratory testing.
- Tissue Samples: Obtain tissue samples from organs such as the spleen, lymph nodes, and tonsils during necropsy.
Laboratory Tests:
- Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR): Detects viral DNA in blood and tissue samples, providing rapid and accurate results.
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA): Identifies antibodies against the ASF virus, indicating exposure.
- Virus Isolation: Cultivating the virus in a laboratory setting for detailed analysis.

Enhancing Biosecurity Measures

Implementing stringent biosecurity measures is essential to prevent the introduction and spread of ASF on your farm. Consider the following tips:

Farm Management:
- Controlled Access: Limit access to your farm to essential personnel only. Use disinfectant footbaths and provide clean clothing and boots for visitors.
- Isolation of New Animals: Quarantine new pigs for at least 30 days and monitor them for ASF signs before integrating them into the herd.
Sanitation Practices:
- Regular Cleaning and Disinfection: Clean and disinfect pig pens, equipment, and vehicles regularly to reduce the risk of contamination.
- Proper Waste Disposal: Dispose of carcasses, waste, and bedding materials safely to prevent attracting wild boars and other potential carriers.
Feed and Water Management:
- Safe Feed Sourcing: Purchase feed from reputable suppliers and store it in secure containers to prevent contamination.
- Clean Water Supply: Ensure pigs have access to clean and uncontaminated water at all times.
Wildlife Control:
- Fencing: Install robust fencing to prevent wild boars from entering the farm and coming into contact with domestic pigs.
- Rodent and Insect Control: Implement measures to control rodents and insects that could potentially spread the virus.
Monitoring and Reporting:
- Regular Health Checks: Conduct frequent health checks on pigs to identify any signs of illness early.
- Immediate Reporting: Report any suspected cases of ASF to local veterinary authorities immediately for prompt action.

Conclusion

Preventing and controlling ASF requires a proactive approach to biosecurity and early detection through observing signs. By staying vigilant, recognizing the signs of ASF, implementing robust biosecurity measures, and seeking prompt veterinary assistance, farmers can protect their herds and minimize the impact of this devastating disease.

Uybontiong Agriventures Corp. and Cargill-Purina are committed to supporting farmers with high-quality products and expert advice to promote animal health and performance. Through education and innovation, we strive to enhance the sustainability and productivity of livestock farming.

Here are some simpler ways to evaluate the probability of ASF infection and Biosecurity Measures